Spring: A Journal of Archetype and Culture, Spring: An Annual of Archetypal Psychology and Jungian Thought, The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion, Analysis of Stuart Halls Encoding/Decoding, Jacques Derrida's Structure, Sign and Play. When citing an essay from our library, you can use "Kibin" as the author. Othello is a tragedy plan written by William Shakespeare. The patterns are the major intrinsic aspects of a work. Just another site. Examples Of Archetype In Othello - 477 Words | Bartleby Othello was crafted at the dawn of the 17th century, shaped by complex social and geopolitical issues that new historicist critics, who seek to place literary works within a historical framework, have recently sought to unravel. OTHELLO: My name, that was as fresh. An Archetype Criticism of Othello, a Play by William Shakespeare Thus criticism evolving from his work is more accurately named archetypal and is quite distinct from myth criticism. He sees it, in itself almost irresistible, aided at every step by fortunate accidents and the innocent mistakes of its victims. Archetypal school of literary criticism is a type of literary criticism that is concerned with recurring myths and archetypes in symbols, characters, actions, and situations within literary pieces. The example essays in Kibin's library were written by real students for real classes. A feminist critique of the character Desdemona in Shakespeares "Othello Commend me to my kind lord. How is archetypal criticism used to discuss Othello Archetypal Human emotions have a lot of power over how we react to situations in life, the trick is learning how to not let them take over. Archetypal criticism, then, construed as that derived from Jung's theory and practice of archetypal (analytical) psychology, is a fledgling and much misconstrued field of inquiry with significant but still unrealized potential for the study of literature and of aesthetics in general. The play imitates life through basic human emotions such as jealousy and rage. The archetypal characteris a simple character template recognizable to all readers. Othello Act 4, scene 2 Summary & Analysis | LitCharts From the theorists, dissertations, articles, and books, often traditionally academic in orientation, appeared; the productions of the practitioners are chronicled and critiqued in van Meurss bibliography. The next significant development in archetypal theory that affected literary studies grew out of the effort made by U.S.-born, Zurich-trained analyst James Hillman (b. And it is thought abroad that twixt my sheets Hes done my office. In the beginning of the play, Othello is seen as content with his new bride: For know, Iago, But that I love the gentle Desdemona (1.2.24-25). reflects the archetypal villain" (Sen, ). Archetypal theory then took shape principally in the multidisciplinary journal refounded by Hillman in 1970 in Zurich, Spring: An Annual of Archetypal Psychology and Jungian Thought. In archetypal criticism, under the reductive method of analysis, a critic, while elucidating a text, moves from the particular truth to the general truth. Archetypal Criticism Volume I. Myth criticism grew in part as a reaction to the formalism of New Criticism, while archetypal criticism based on Jung was never linked with any academic tradition and remained organically bound to its roots in depth psychology: the individual and collective psyche, dreams, and the analytic process. As in a typical Shakespearean comedy, love, tested, triumphs over all opposition. Archetypal Criticism - SlideShare To date, the British Journal of Analytical Psychology and the retitled American Spring: A Journal of Archetype and Culture are the best resources for archetypal criticism of literature and the arts even though only a small percentage of their published articles treat such topics. During the play Iago manipulates Othello because Lieutenant Cassio was promoted ahead of him, and also because he suspects that Othello has had an affair with his wife. FREE Archetype Essay Essay - Example Essays This recurring idea of an evil witch is extremely common and archetypal. An archetype is recurrent. Literary Critics on Othello. Not only does she try to protect Othellos reputation by blaming herself, Desdemona tells Emilia to remind Othello about her showing that she stills respects Othello. Historical is basically know the background story before you making assumptions off the text, and to better understand text lookup time period close to the time like 1600's . Archetypal criticism focuses on such things in a work. . Following his anatomizing of the painfully introspective intellectual Hamlet, Shakespeare, at the height of his ability to probe human nature and to dramatize it in action and language, treats Hamlets temperamental oppositethe man of action. Literary Theory from 1900 to 1966: A-Z A Alexander Chirila First published: 24 December 2010 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444337839.wbelctv1a009 Read the full text PDF Tools Share Abstract Archetypal criticism is a form of analysis based on the identification and study of recurring symbolic and mythic patterns. And so much duty as my mother showd The term archetype can be traced to Plato (arche, original; typos, form), but the concept gained currency in twentieth-century literary theory and criticism through the work of the Swiss founder of analytical psychology, C. G. Jung (1875-1961). Archetypal literary criticism | Cram Kibin, 2023, www.kibin.com/essay-examples/an-archetype-criticism-of-othello-a-play-by-william-shakespeare-yJF4zltX. Abstract. From the moment when the temptation of the hero begins, the readers heart and mind are held in a vice, experiencing the extremes of pity and fear, sympathy and repulsion, sickening hope and dreadful expectation. 364-367). And will upon the instant put thee tot. English Literature: Frye: The Archetypes - Blogger "), "An Archetype Criticism of Othello, a Play by William Shakespeare." However, these fields of study contributed a lot to the development of archetypal criticism through the characters of Sir James Frazer and Carl Jung. OTHELLO: Iago critics. Aristotles theory is not the final word on tragedy, however it can support in pinpointing the pivotal traits in. The three women are Desdemona, Emilia, and Bianca. Both Desdemona and Othello defy by their words and gestures the calumnies heaped upon them by Roderigo and Brabantio and vindicate the imperatives of the heart over parental authority and custom. In Shakespeare's Othello, Iago is one of the most compelling villains in English literature. Othello Essay Questions | GradeSaver But the great literary text for Jungs life and work was Johann Wolfgang von Goethes Faust, not because of its literary qualities but because he sensed that the drama expressed his own personal myth (Letters 1:309-10). And new theories increasingly give credence to the requirement, historically asserted by Jungian readers, that each text elicit a personal, affective, and not merely intellectual response. R. F. C. Hull, 2 vois., 1973-75). Carl Jung & Archetypal Criticism - SlideServe However, for Othello this is not the case. Aristotles second requirement for a tragedy is that the tragic hero must have a reversal of fortune. Some of these include the downfall from high position Othello goes from being the general, to being convicted of being a murderer. Historical Criticism in Othello by Marissa Willette - Prezi Up until Act III Scene iii Othello, "noble Moor" is in an elated position and is very aware of his importance. Placing responsibility in the stars - he calls Desdemona an "ill-starred wench" - is hardly a gallant course of action. So much I challenge that I may profess Indeed, the psychological resonances of the drama, along with its provocative racial and gender themes, have caused Othello, perhaps more than any other of Shakespeares plays, to reverberate the loudest with current audiences and commentators. ARCHETYPES OF LITERATURE BY NORTHROP FRYE PDF - PDF Portland Bibliography Ralph Manheim, 1974); Morris Philipson, Outline of a Jungian Aesthetic (1963, reprint, 1991); Annis Pratt et al., Archetypal Patterns in Womens Fiction (1981); Jos van Meurs and John Kidd, Jungian Literary Criticism, 1920-1980: An Annotated Critical Bibliography of Works in English (with a Selection of Titles after 1980) (1988); William K. Wimsatt, Jr., and Cleanth Brooks, Literary Criticism: A Short History (1957). This passage reveals how much Othello has deteriorated as far as his ability to reason. PDF A Freudian Psychoanalysis on The Character, Othello For the fair devil. Othello, being a hero, enjoys a good reputation and has notable qualities. Toril Moi, trans. Shakespeare on the other hand has portrayed women as both object and subject. His expression of his jealousy quickly devolves from the conventional"Farewell the tranquil mind"to the absurd: Farewell the plum'd troops and the big wars. Van Meurs also does a service by resurrecting successful but neglected early studies, such as Elizabeth Drews of T. S. Eliot (1949), and discovering value even in reductionist and impressionistic studies, such as June Singers of Blake. Archetypal Analysis of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone Earnest Cassirer, a social anthropologist was an important influence on myth criticism. The three fundamental qualities of an archetype are: An archetype is a preconscious, instinctual expression of man's basic nature. According to Hillman, that discourse was anticipated by Evangelos Christous Logos of the Soul (1963) and extended in religion (David L. Millers New Polytheism, 1974), philosophy (Edward Caseys Imagining: A Phenomenological Study, 1976), mythology (Rafael Lopez-Pedrazas Hermes and His Children, 1977), psycholinguistics (Paul Kuglers Alchemy of Discourse: An Archetypal Approach to Language, 1982), and the theory of analysis (Patricia Berrys Echos Subtle Body, 1982). One excellent example of such an approach, G. M. Matthews's 'Othello and the Dignity of Man', has been referred to at the end of the section devoted to historical and social criticism. After Othello returns from war at sea with the Turks, his fortune begins a downward spiral. The Moor is eventually captured, tortured, and slain by Disdemonas relatives, while the ensign dies during torture for another crime. The Women of Othello There are only three female characters in Othello, and each plays a critical role in Shakespeare's artfully crafted plot of jealousy and retribution. Even though Othello had a reputation as a hero, he ends up being one of the most gullible characters in the play when he completely falls into the evil trap that Iago set for him. Essays and criticism on William Shakespeare's Othello - Criticism . A tragic hero is a hero nonetheless, but it all comes down to how they hold themselves together in the face of. She does not fight back nor call for help, Desdemona begs for her life asking to Kill me (Desdemona) tomorrow; let me live tonight! (V.ii.97). archetypal criticism in othello Othello Archetypal Tragic Hero Analysis - 1236 Words | Bartleby Unfortunately, this got the ball rolling for Othello's inevitable downfall. She stayed loyal to her lover throughout the entire play and in the end it did her no good. If it were now to die The tragedy of Othello is not a fault of a single villain, but is rather a consequence of a wide range of feelings, judgments and misjudgments, and attempts for personal justification exhibited by all of the participants. The dynamic of Othellos character significantly changes throughout the play. His works range from ingenious poems, such as Fear No More, to plays, such as The Tragedy of Othello. Jung most frequently used myth (or mythologem) for the narrative expression, on the ethnological level (Collected 9, pt. An archetype criticism of othello, a play by william shakespeare. Frazers and Jungs texts formed the basis of two allied but ultimately different courses of influence on literary history. For more information on choosing credible sources for your paper, check out this blog post. Othello makes an error in judgement, which leads to his change in fortune, and later realizes that his actions are what caused said change in fortune. Othello - Shakespeare Birthplace Trust In addition, many powerfully heuristic Jungian concepts, such as synchronicity, have yet to be tested in literary contexts. Thus, all contrastive categorization would benefit from archetypal analysis. Even French feminist Julia Kristeva has been brought to praise a Jungian contribution to feminist discourse on the maternal: recognition that the Catholic churchs change of signification in the assumption of the Virgin Mary to include her human body represented a major shift in attitude toward female corporaiity (113). Shakespeare's play, Othello, the Moor of Venice, is a powerful example of a tragedy and its main character, Othello, is an excellent illustration of what Aristotle constitutes as a tragic hero. May the wind blow till they have wakened death, The formerly self-sufficient Othello has now staked his life to his faith in Desdemona and their union, and she has done the same. And despite frequently perceptive readings, the work is marred by the characteristic limitless expansionism and psychological utilitarianism of her interpretive scheme. Bettina Knapps 1984 effort at an authoritative demonstration of archetypal literary criticism exemplified this pattern. This juxtaposition between Othello's transparency and Iago's duality identifies him as a sympathetic character despite his actions. His demise was of his own doing. Other forms previously labeled Jungian are here subsumed under the term archetypal because whatever their immediate specific focus, these forms operate on a set of assumptions derived from Jung and accept the depth-psychological structure posited by Jung. According to Aristotle, a tragic protagonist is a nobleman or person from high status, who contributes to his own demise and illustrates a flaw or weakness in judgment. Van Meurss bibliography conveys the great variety of Jungian writings on literature even within one language, the increasingly recognized potential for further development and use of Jungs ideas, and the growth in numbers of literary scholars falling under the influence of Jung. 1. He offers throughout the play multiple justifi cations for his intrigue: He has been passed over in favor of Cassio; he suspects the Moor and Cassio with his wife, Emilia; he is envious of Cassios open nature; and he is desirous of Desdemona himself. On a general level, Jungs and Fryes theorizings about archetypes, however labeled, overlap, and boundaries are elusive, but in the disciplines of literature the two schools have largely ignored each others work. Archetypal Criticism - ResearchGate Nor set down aught in malice. This assignment is intended to encourage you, and require you . While adding to the tone of the story it also adds to the characters overall personality from the reader's perspective. Archetypal Literary Criticism. This article, then, treats the only form of literary theory and criticism consistent with and derived directly from the psychological principles advanced by Jung. Another important influence was Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) who used the term archetype to what he called "primordial images". OTHELLO: Iago critics - Litchapter.com QAFQAZ UNIVERSITY SPRING, 2013. "Othello is essentially an noble character, flawed by insecurity and a nature that is naive and unsophisticated". Speak of me as I am. That such a man should fall so far and so fast gives the play an almost unbearable momentum. Desperate to cling to the security of his former identity as a soldier while his current identity as a lover crumbles, Othello begins to confuse the one with the other. As Iago asserts to Roderigo, Virtue? Thus, with the archetypal theorists multiplying across disciplines on the one hand and the clinically practicing followers serving as (generally inadequate) critics on the other, archetypal literary theory and criticism flourished in two independent streams in the 1960s and 1970s. This explains his fascination with a text like Rider Haggards novel She: The History of an Adventure (1886-87), with its unmediated representation of the anima. As Jung himself noted: Literary products of highly dubious merit are often of the greatest interest to the psychologist (Collected 15:87-88). Shakespeare derived his plot from Giraldi Cinthios Tale of the Moor, in the story collection Hecatommithi (1565), reshaping Cinthios sensational tale of jealousy, intrigue, and murder in several key ways. Evil is displayed before him, not indeed with the profusion found in King Lear, but forming, as it were, the soul of a single character, and united with an intellectual superiority so great that he watches its advance fascinated and appalled. This heuristic distinction was formed, however, solely on psychobiographical grounds: Did the text originate in, and remain principally shaped by, the authors experience of consciousness and the personal unconscious or his or her experience at the level of the archetypal collective unconscious? Eventually, this leads to Othellos suicide. Mythological literary critics look for archetypes, characters and/or symbols with traits that are seen throughout literature regardless of time or place. Hillman also discovers archetypal precursors in Neoplatonism, Heraclitus, Plotinus, Proclus, Marsilio Ficino, and Giambattista Vico. Furthermore, they must also have a fatal flaw, that eventually leads to their downfall. This scene has suggested to some critics that Iagos true motivation for destroying the marriage of Desdemona and Othello is a repressed homosexual love for Othello. As the play progresses, and Iagos plan culminates, Othellos good fortune begins to turn. (V.2.316, 323) It is beyond a doubt Othello's fault that all of this wreckage befalls him, and his still has not had a moment of recognition of his failures at reasoning and understanding. He has already judged and condemned her, but he is still hunting evidence, seeking to justify to himself the stand he has already taken. Archetypal Literary Criticism | PDF | Shadow (Psychology) - Scribd New theoretical approaches appear to legitimize orthodox Jungian ways of reading, sanction Jungs range of literary preferences from She to Faust, and support his highly affective reaction to Ulysses, which he himself identified (positively) as a subjective confession (i5:io9n). Her Jungian Approach to Literature attempts to cover the Finnish epic The Kalevala, the Persian Atars The Conference of the Birds, and texts by Euripides, Wolfram von Eschenbach, Michel de Montaigne, Pierre Corneille, Goethe, Novalis, Rabbi ben Simhah Nachman, and W. B. Yeats. Archetypal criticism gets its impetus from psychologist Carl Jung, who postulated that humankind has a "collective unconscious," a kind of universal psyche, which is manifested in dreams and myths and which harbors themes . What makes you cringe? In Cinthios story, Alfiero, the scheming ensign, lusts after the Moors wife, named Disdemona, and after she spurns his advances, Alfiero seeks vengeance by accusing her of adultery with Cassio, the Moors lieutenant. Othello is characterized by his plainspoken read analysis of Othello Iago Othello's disloyal standard-bearer and the villain of the play. What hooks you? Jung was also more preoccupied with dreams and fantasies, because he saw them as exclusively (purely) products of the unconscious, in contrast to literature, which he oddly believed, citing Joyces Ulysses as an example, was created in the full light of consciousness (15:123). To furnish me with some swift means of death By the end of the play, he has brought down his world around him with the relentless force that made him a great general turned inward, destroying both what he loved best in another and in himself. But heres my husband; Kibin does not guarantee the accuracy, timeliness, or completeness of the essays in the library; essay content should not be construed as advice. The key to extremely detrimental jealousy lies within one's ability to recognize it or deny it. The play moves relentlessly from here to catastrophe as Othello delivers justice to those he is convinced have wronged him. Did you find something inaccurate, misleading, abusive, or otherwise problematic in this essay example? Rashness: The play is replete with rash decisions. Here are some examples of archetype in Shakespearean works: Lover: Romeo ("Romeo and Juliet"), Juliet ("Romeo and Juliet"), Antony ("Antony and Cleopatra") Hero: Othello ("Othello"), Hamlet . Is Othello or Hamlet better? Archetypal criticism is a product of both cultural anthropology and psychoanalysis which are academic fields that might seem to be far from the concept of archetypal criticism. Othello relies easily on Iago to believe without being thought deeply. Posted on . The story opens on Briony Tallis, a 13-year-old growing up in the upper-middle class in England in 1953 with . Literary Archetypes: Definition, List, Elements & Examples Where a malignant and a turband Turk CYC3000_GettingtoKnowDisabilityJustice_Week 2.docx - Child The Critical Analysis Of A Novel: Atonement By Ian Mcewan Atonement by Ian McEwan is a literary masterpiece and a highly critically acclaimed novel. must concern itself with the archetypal, the universal, with that which is necessarily larger, more extreme than in life. norwegian cruise line dining menus archetypal criticism in othello. Come, go with me apart. I know not ift be true; But I, for mere suspicion in that kind, Will do as if for surety (2.1. He suffers barbs and preconceived notions, yet Othello is esteemed and wins the love of the daughter of a nobleman. I do perceive here a divided duty: Even when Desdemona was found after Othello strangles her, she still believed that her death was not the fault of Othello. This preview is partially blurred. Active Themes Emilia returns with Desdemona. The storm that divides the Venetian fleet also disperses the Turkish threat and clears the way for the lovers happy reunion and peaceful enjoyment of their married state. You elements that clip us round about, Othello, a play that was written in 1604 by William Shakespeare, is an example of a type of story called a tragedy. Throughout the course of the work, Othello proves himself to be very easily misled, despite his heroic status. A fig! Self-interest is all that matters, and love is merely a lust of the blood and a permission of the will. Othello and Desdemona cannot possibly remain devoted to each other, and, as Iago concludes, If sanctimony and a frail vow betwixt an err-ing barbarian and a super-subtle Venetian be not too hard for my wits, and all the tribe of hell, thou shalt enjoy her. The problem of Iagos motivation to destroy Othello and Desdemona is not that he has too few motives but too many. Othello is the most painfully exciting and the most terrible. In spite of his elevated status, he is nevertheless easy prey to insecurities because of his age, his life as a soldier, and his race. As the handkercheif is stolen from Desdemona, Othello believes that she has become unfaithful to him, which leads him down a jealous path and eventually kill her. Archetypal criticism | SpringerLink Jung and the Humanities: Toward a Hermeneutics of Culture. Frye frequently acknowledged his debt to Jung, accepted some of Jungs specifically named archetypes persona and anima and counsellor and shadow and referred to his theory as Jungian criticism (Anatomy 291), a practice subsequently followed in some hand books of literary terms and histories of literary criticism, including one edited by Frye himself, which obscured crucial differences and contributed to the confusion in terminology reigning today. After the. In Othello, the themes such as love and jealousy reflects on the characters motivation and their values. A Christian Moor and general of the armies of Venice, Othello is an eloquent and physically powerful figure, respected by all those around him. By trying to hide the fact that Othello had murdered her, Desdemona has chosen to put the honor of their love above honesty. Beat a Venetian and tradud the state, archetypal criticism in othello Archetypal Criticism - A Companion to Literary Theory - Wiley Online 1924) to move beyond clinical inquiry within the consulting room of psychotherapy to formulate archetypal theory as a multidisciplinary field (Archetypal 1). Twere now to be most happy, for I fear Farewell! edmonton oilers jokes archetypal criticism in othello archetypal criticism in othello. The present essay, "Archetypes of Literature," is taken from the book. Often in our society people are labelled as, or fit into a, certain character mould and their behaviour and actions remain consistent. Othello is a complex play that deals with issues such as jealousy, gender, and race. PDF Archetypal/Mythological Criticism In. Othello falls in love with Desdemona and they secretly marry; later, he leaves to Cyprus to stop the Turks. As he attempts to carry out his execution of Desdemona, she for the first time realizes his charges against her and his utter delusion. A storm has dispersed the Venetian fleet so that Cassio arrives first, anxious for Othello's safety. Instead, they blame him for his own ultimate ruin. Cultural criticism is exploring or examining the relationship of dominant role based on ethnicity, and sexual identity of person, also a great understanding of yourself. Shakespeare often focuses his plays on human nature as well as fate, which Othellos fate ended in the tragic ending due to his reversal of fortune once the claims against Desdemona begin. In a mess of questions of good and evil, right and wrong, critical supporters of Iago (T.S. the-critical-analysis-of-a-novel-atonement-by-ian-mcewan.pdf