The other ethnic groups all had the same custody rate of 35%. , Statistics used are from the CSEW 2019/20 unless stated otherwise; when differences are not referred to as statistically significant these are either not statistically significantly different, or differences have not been tested. Figure 9.01: Proportion of practitioners in organisations involved in the CJS of each sex, by organisation, most recent year available vs. five years prior. Twenty-nine percent of fathers see their children, 1-4 times a month. In accordance with Principle 2 of the Code of Practice for Official Statistics, the Ministry of Justice is required to publish transparent guidance on its policy for revisions. Secure Childrens Homes and Secure Training Centres are for males (those who are younger or have more complex needs) and females aged 10-17. Some 18 year olds remain in the secure estate for children and young people if they only have a short period of their sentence to serve, to avoid disrupting their regimes. A gender bias argument should not be used by a divorced father unless he has personal experience and can back up that experience with proof. Full details on data limitations and conclusion can be found in the technical guide. , Monthly Youth Custody Official Statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within secure childrens homes (SCHs), secure training centres (STCs) and young offender institutions (YOIs) are published by the Youth Custody Service. Figure 7.12: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with a record of fixed period exclusion, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.5). 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English & Maths. In 2018, the Ministry of Justice published the Female Offender Strategy, which sets out the departments vision and plan to improve outcomes for women in the community and custody. Youth custody report for July 2014 published. Similarly, in just over half of all . Figure 4.01: Number of arrests, by age group and sex, 2015/16 to 2019/20. Data are also provided on a trend basis dating back to 2000 to 2001 and 2005 to 2006 onwards for more detailed data. All data refers to this age group throughout the section, unless stated otherwise. Data is not available for Community Rehabilitation Companies. (2020). The proportion of female legal aid recipients in the Crown Court was lower with 10% of the crime higher legal aid workload in 2019[footnote 42]. Figure 5.07: Remand status at Crown Court, by sex, 2015 to 2019, Outcomes for defendants remanded in custody at Crown Court. Youth custody report for September 2016 published. Errors in our statistical systems and processes. Females of all age groups were more likely to experience domestic abuse than males. Therefore, Figure 3.01 refers to the previous year, 2018/19. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. A technical document titled A Guide to Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System is available alongside this report, which provides users with information on the concepts and terminology used within the report, as well as information about data sources, data quality and references. Of the sentenced prison population, sentences can be divided into two broad groups: determinate sentences which are for a fixed period, and indeterminate sentences (these include life sentences and indeterminate sentences for public protection IPPs). A higher proportion of female defendants were not remanded by police, which may be due in part to the different types of offences for which females and males are prosecuted and hence the risk they are perceived as representing. Therefore, to ensure comparability across year, these forces have been excluded from the calculations for the year on year change. The summary offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were[footnote 115]: TV licence evasion females made up 74% of the 114,000 convictions in 2019, up 3 pp from 2015. This was considerably higher than the proportion of pupils eligible for FSM in the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 102] and 2014/15[footnote 103] (14% for both young females and young males). Prison law comprised less than 1% of the female and 3% of the male workload; both proportions have remained steady in the last 5 years but reflect falling prison population figures. Higher proportions of females in contact with liaison and diversion services were suspected as having issues with alcohol misuse, had financial needs and were abuse victims. , Defendants are reported against their principal (i.e. In 2019, fines were the most common sentence given to both male and female offenders sentenced at all courts, but females typically had less severe sentencing outcomes. Figure 7.02 Conviction ratios for indictable offences by sex and ethnic group, England and Wales, 2019. , This section excludes those where sex is not stated and other defendants such as companies and public bodies in total these accounted for 10% of all defendants in 2019. The Authority considers whether the statistics meet the highest standards of Code compliance, including the value they add to public decisions and debate. , 3% of young people identified as intersex or did not disclose this information. Youth custody report for November 2014 published. Since 2015, the ACSL for indictable offences has risen for both male and female offenders from all ethnic groups[footnote 76]. This proportions differ from the total prison population, which were 95% and 5% respectively. In contrast, a higher proportion of male than female first time offenders were cautioned or convicted for drug offences over the last 5 years (13% and 5% respectively in 2019). Having a SEN statement may indicate a higher level of need. Following prosecution, defendants found guilty are subsequently convicted and sentenced. There are also sections covering statistics on out of court disposals which come from the Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019, published by the Ministry of Justice, and experimental pilot data from national Liaison and Diversion services, as supplied by NHS England. The conviction ratio for female children in 2019 was 67%, 4 percentage points lower than in 2015 and 3 percentage points lower than the male child conviction ratio (70%) in 2019. Compared to male offenders, a larger proportion of female offenders were prosecuted for summary offences, which may account for this difference. In 2019, 60,800 cautions were issued, 78% to males and 22% to females. In homicides with victims under the age of 16, where the principal suspect was identified, 31% of suspects were the parent (males: 21%; females: 42%). Report and data for December 2017 published. Over the last 5 years, the proportion of prosecutions for summary non-motoring offences has been decreasing for both male and female defendants, offset by increases in both indictable and summary motoring offences. Receipt of subsequent information which alters our understanding of previous periods (for example late recording on one of the administrative IT systems used operationally). Court judges have seen similar increases to 26% female staff, largely driven by High Court Judge appointments. This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 96] and 2014/15[footnote 97] (93% for young females and 90% for young males). Key Child Custody Statistics 2023 Approximately 29% of child custody decisions are made without mediators or court hearings. The representation of females among HMPPS staff (excluding NPS)[footnote 122] has increased over the last five years, from 39% to 42%. Of those sentenced, a consistently higher proportion of female offenders were fined and had a lower average fine than male offenders over the last 5 years. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. This includes those aged under 18 and 18 year olds. In the same period, 16% of court reports prepared were for females, a proportion which has remained consistent in the last five years. The custody rate ranged between 20% and 23% across all female ethnic groups. Youth custody report for July 2016 published. These statistics concentrate on the flow of children (aged 10-17) through the youth justice system in England and Wales. , For the detailed statistics for specific offences used in this chapter, see the Principal offence proceedings and outcomes by Home Office offence code data tool in Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019. Of all sexual offences, indecent exposure and unwanted touching had the highest prevalence rate. A proven reoffence is defined as any offence committed in a one-year follow-up period that leads to a court conviction, caution, reprimand or warning within that year or within a further six-month waiting period to allow the offence to be proven in court. , A young person may be eligible to claim for FSM if they or their family meet certain criteria related to their income and benefits received. In 2019, 74% of individuals dealt with by the Criminal Justice System were male, and 26% were female. , See technical guide for more information on PNDs. Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP) for England & Wales aims to ensure independent inspection of places of detention, report on conditions and treatment, and promote positive outcomes for those detained and the public. In the year ending March 2020 (referred to as 2019/20 throughout), the proportion of adults who were victim of a CSEW crime (excluding fraud and computer misuse) was 13.3%, down from 14.9% the year before, with no significant difference between men and women. The median offence to completion for all individual offence groups is higher for females than males except for violence against the person and theft offences. All results relate to England and Wales unless explicitly stated otherwise. As at 30 June 2019, 5% of the prison population were female, this proportion has remained stable for the last 5 years. Some of the proportions presented in this analysis are based on small sample sizes so care should be taken when comparing results for different genders. Youth custody report: September 2017 published. The disposal where there was the greatest difference between genders was for fines. The total number of defendants in 2019 including those who fail to appear, companies and where gender is unknown was 1.44 million. Figure 1.01: Proportions of males and females throughout the CJS, 2019. No causative links can be drawn from these summary statistics, differences observed may indicate areas worth further investigation, but should not be taken as evidence of unequal treatments or as direct effects of sex. Cautions issued[footnote 33][footnote 34] , The data used for this section are sourced from the magistrates court administrative database LIBRA-MIS. Figure 7.08: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 that achieved 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G by gender and disposal category[footnote 98] (Source: Table 7.1). Figure 6.03: Number of Self-harm individuals in prison per 1,000 prisoners by sex, 2015 to 2019. Include a detailed revisions policy within every release. These data comes from the Child Support Supplement to the April 2018 Current Population Survey (CPS). 20 divorce facts for 2020. Youth custody report for September 2014 published. The most recent annual reoffending data available is for the 2017/18 (i.e. Until the statistics tell us that more than 4 percent of divorced fathers are seeking custody through the Family Court system, there are few men who have such experience and proof of a true "gender bias." , Published figures for self-harm in prison can be found in Safety in Custody Statistics. Well send you a link to a feedback form. Youth custody data for June 2016 published. This reflects the difference in relationship to suspect in cases for men and women with women much more likely to be killed by an acquaintance. , Questions on the offence category Causing sexual activity without consent were removed from the CSEW 2019/20, therefore the total category of any sexual assault (including attempts) no longer includes this category. The overall style and composition of the report have also been changed to align with Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2018, with the intention of making it easier for readers to interpret the relative experiences of males and females throughout the CJS. Youth custody data - February 2014 published. Monthly statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within the secure estate. Benefit fraud females made up 58% of the 1160 convictions for indictable benefit fraud offences up 2 pp from 2015. However, this was lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 99] and 2014/15[footnote 100] (99% for young females and 98% for young males). , Self-declared from HR records, for serving magistrates, as at 1 April 2020. The processes by which other revisions will be communicated and published. 5. Figure 5.02: Individuals dealt with formally by the CJS, by sex, 2015 to 2019. Youth custody report for August 2015 published. Of the 62,800 offenders released from prison sentences in 2019, 91% were male and 9% female. Every effort is made to ensure that the figures presented are accurate and complete. Following past trends, females were disproportionately affected by all forms of intimate violence, according to CSEW data[footnote 13]. 2% of crime lower legal aid clients had an unstated sex. , Published figures for probation can be found in Offender Management Statistics quarterly. The proportion of males issued a caution for indictable offences was 56%, compared to 52% for female offenders. The number of children prosecuted for indictable offences has fallen by 29% since 2015, compared to the 25% decrease seen in adult prosecutions. My wife has confessed that when she first learned I was a single dad she automatically presumed that mum had died! In 2019, male children had an ACSL of 19.1 months and female children had an ACSL of 19.0 months. Figure 5.05: Crime lower legal aid workload by sex and legal aid category, 2019. , Analysis of attainment data focuses on those sentenced/cautioned that were at the end of KS4 in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 academic years. , Please note that the spacing of the time period displayed does not align with the actual time scale, for example the time between sentenced to custody for 0-1 month is smaller than 6 to 12 months. , Bespoke analysis from the 2019-20 Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP) annual report can be found in the chapter tables, published alongside this report. Male homicide victims had higher prevalence in all age groups, except those over 65, and 5-15, where females were more often the victim. There was also a higher proportion of females with mental health needs, the majority of which were depressive illness which affected 25% of females compared to 20% of males. The study included 15 years of published cases involving alienation, abuse, and custody, while coding parties' claims and defenses, outcomes, and other key factors by gender and parental status. However, as in previous reports, in order to present as full a picture as possible we have also included some statistics that do not have this badging where National Statistics are not held on important or new topics. , Lancashire Constabulary and Greater Manchester Police were unable to supply complete data for 2018/19 and for 2019/20 respectively. Figure 8.02 Change in female prosecutions for indictable offences, by offence group England and Wales, 2015 to 2019, Figure 8.02: Summary offences with the highest proportion of female convictions, England and Wales, 2019. Detail how users will be informed of the need for revisions. Youth custody report for October 2015 published. Figure 4.05: Number of cautions issued, by sex, 2015 to 2019. A higher proportion of female offenders were first time offenders, compared to males. Reference will usually be made to children by which we refer to individuals aged 10 to 17 years of age[footnote 80][footnote 81]. Youth custody report for March 2015 published. GillespieShields. Defendants with unknown or not stated ethnicity accounted for 28% of all indictable prosecutions in 2019. , Caution should be taken when comparing figures for senior staff, however, because the numbers of individuals represented are small - changing a single case could have a noticeable effect. Males were proportionately more likely to be victims of homicide in public places, notably on the street (males: 30%; females: 6%). Figure 7.01 Proportion of prosecutions for indictable offences by sex and ethnic group, England and Wales, 2019. , Where there are multiple suspects in a homicide case, they are categorised in the Homicide Index as either the principal or a secondary suspect. As at 30 June 2019, 13% of the sentenced male prison population were serving indeterminate sentences compared to 11% of the female population. However, given the range of recording practises (see technical guide for details) throughout the CJS, it is likely that most recording includes a mixture of physiological and personal identity. , Personal crimes are those against an individual that relate to the respondents own personal experience rather than others in the household. Offenders with 1 to 14 previous cautions or convictions accounted for 51% of all offenders in 2019, 86% were male, compared to 14% who were female. Following changes to the administrative systems at the Crown Court that completed in September 2019, estimates of defendants representation status at the Crown Court are not available for this release. In 2019, the average custodial sentence length (ACSL) for male offenders was 19.7 months compared to 11.3 months for female offenders. Youth custody data for January 2017 published. Perceptions of the Criminal Justice System. The custody rate for male offenders was highest for Chinese and Other at 37%. Figure 8.05: Custody rate by sex for indictable offences with the highest number of female offenders sentenced, England and Wales, 2019. You have accepted additional cookies. In 2019, the number of individuals who self-harmed per 1,000 prisoners was 335 for females and 148 for males[footnote 67]. , Following the Transforming Rehabilitation reforms to probation and creation and subsequent transfer of the National Probation Service (NPS) into NOMS on 1 June 2014, it is not possible to make a direct comparison to previous years for probation staff. , If enforcement officers suspect a household of watching or recording live TV without a valid licence and are not able to contact anyone at the property by letter or by telephone, they visit the household in person. Figure 4.02: Proportion of arrests within each offence group, by sex, 2019/20, Detentions under section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983)[footnote 25]. In 2019, females accounted for the highest proportion of Local Authority prosecutions for the first time since 2016. Of all cautions issued in 2019, 55% were for indictable offences, a proportion which has been increasing over the last 5 years, from 49% in 2015. CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk. The overall level of concordance between sentences proposed and sentences given (excluding Other) has fallen from 74% in 2017 to 68% in 2018 and was 60% in 2019. Youth custody report for February 2016 published. , Individuals with known sex. Consistently, the proportion of females who reported experiencing domestic abuse in the last year (7.3%) was twice that of males (3.6%). Defendants with sex not stated accounted for 10% of all court proceedings in 2019, companies and public bodies accounted for 1%. This was driven by a decrease in prevalence of indecent exposure and unwanted touching, and rape excluding attempts. In the latest year, a higher proportion of females were issued PNDs for theft (retail under 100) compared to males, whereas males were more often issued PNDs for possession of cannabis compared to females (see Figure 4.04). Figure 3.02: Percentage of adults who were victims of violent crime, by age group, year ending March 2019. The Ministry of Justice would welcome any feedback on the content, presentation or on any other aspect of this bulletin we can be contacted through: This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 94] (62% for young females and 52% for young males) and 2014/15[footnote 95] (62% for young females and 53% for young males). This differs between functions within HMPPS, with the Prison Service (including Youth Custody Service) representing a lower proportion of females than the HMPPS as a whole, rising from 37% to 39%. Fines accounted for 99% of those sentenced for TV licence evasion in 2019 across both sexes. The number of arrests has seen a larger percentage decrease for children than adults over the last 5 years, with decreases of 21% for adults and 27% for children since 2015/16. Young males receiving less than 12 months in custody were less likely to receive any pass in GCSEs than young females (60% v 67%). The main source of referral was police custody, accounting for 72% of males and 73% of females referred to liaison and diversion services. The only exceptions are when we are deliberately discussing all aged offenders. The disparity in convictions for these offences may reflect the fact that females make up a slightly larger proportion of benefit claimants[footnote 118]. This is reflected in the higher proportion of females remanded in custody who were sentenced to immediate custody at magistrates court, 17% in 2019 compared to 13% for males. When split by sex, larger percentage decreases were seen over the last 5 years for female adults (25%) and children (31%) compared to males (21% and 26% respectively). separation. , Excluding companies and those of unknown sex, which accounted for 10% of the total number of defendants in 2019. The proportion of females experiencing domestic abuse in 2019/20 was 7.3%, double that of males (3.6%). For each offence, the proportion of those who were sentenced to immediate custody was lower for female offenders than for males. Instances of self-harm per individual was over twice as high for females at 9.3, compared to 4.4 for males. Data are presented in terms of calendar and financial years (usually 2019 or 2019/20), reflecting the reporting cycles and data collection of the agencies contributing information for this publication. Females had a higher average number of reoffences per reoffender compared to males, at 4.33 and 3.99, respectively. Over the last 5 years at Crown Court, there was a steady increase in the proportion of both male and female defendants who were not remanded, with a gradual increase of the proportion remanded in custody, offset by a decrease in the proportion of those bailed. A copy of this statement can be found at: http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/mojstats/statistics-revisions-policy.pdf. Throughout this report we refer to sex rather than gender, because the binary classification better reflects how individuals are generally reported or managed through the CJS. Males were serving longer custodial sentence lengths. The proportion of young females who had been permanently excluded and sentenced to a fine was 9%, compared to 15% for young males, a 6 percentage point difference. , Children can be sentenced to custody in three different establishment types: Young Offender Institutions are for males aged 15-17 only, no females. The following section discusses child offenders at different stages of the Criminal Justice System. This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. This idea was developed in the 1980s by Richard Gardner, a crank psychiatrist who thought child sexual abuse is not necessarily traumatic, and that mothers who don't fulfil their partners. Reported in the Judicial Diversity Statistics 2020 publication, the quoted figures cover all court judges, i.e. Similar falls have been seen in the number of defendants prosecuted over the last 5 years when broken down by sex; the number of prosecutions for male defendants fell by 11% to 904,000 in 2019 and prosecutions for female defendants fell by 12% to 324,000 in 2019.